Measured vertical cross-sections, by Antenna Test Lab. Simulated vertical cross-sections (worst case). Simulated vertical cross-sections (best case). Measured 3D radiation pattern, by Antenna Test Lab. Simulated 3D radiation pattern (worst case). Simulated 3D radiation pattern (best case). Measured (anechoic chamber, averaged over full bandwidth) Simulated (worst case, assuming 100% reflection from the feedline) Simulated (best case, assuming 0% reflection from the feedline) Frequency shifts up to 100 MHz are normal. Also, not all brands of FR4 have the same dielectric constant. The center frequency may shift a bit between batches as a result of variations in the dielectric constant of FR4. You can find a detailed test report of the Pagoda-2 antenna on their website.
3D radiation patterns) for the Pagoda antenna. Special thanks to Antenna Test Lab who were kind enough to provide complete spherical anechoic chamber measurements (i.e. The diameter is just 22.5 mm, much smaller than most other designs. I won't claim that this design is perfect, but it does seem to have a smoother radiation pattern and a significantly better axial ratio than most other antennas. The final design is the result of months of simulation and tuning. Of course this limits the design to flat shapes, so the real challenge was finding a design with a minimal number of PCBs that would achieve the desired properties. I quickly realized that the easiest and cheapest way to get arbitrary shapes manufactured within fine tolerances is to use regular PCBs. I did not try to make any specific aspect 'perfect', because this usually comes at the expense of other aspects, and they are all quite important. My main design goals were:Įasy to manufacture within fine tolerances at low cost, even for a hobbyist. The Pagoda antenna is an omnidirectional circularly polarized antenna design that I created.
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